Narendra Modi in police trouble as election nears climax

About 139 million people were registered to vote in the eighth round of a marathon contest pitting Modi against the Congress. Results are due on May 16.

Voting in his home state of Gujarat, Modi, whose pro-business policies have delighted investors, brandished a white cutout of a lotus flower and made a scathing speech against Congress heavyweights - taunting them for shying away from the fight.

"The prime minister himself is not fighting the election. The finance minister is not fighting the election. All its top leaders have run away," Modi said to cheers from a crowd at the polling station in Ahmedabad.

He snapped a "selfie" of the lotus and his finger painted with ink after voting and posted the photograph on Twitter.

Election rules say politicians must not make public rallies or use media to "display to the public any election matter" within 48 hours of an election. Gujarat police chief PC Thakur said a preliminary case was launched against Modi at the request of the election commission.

"The Ahmedabad crime branch has begun investigations," Thakur said.

Maximum punishment for violating the rule is two years imprisonment, although Modi is unlikely to be charged. Politicians in India routinely face criminal cases, which rarely reach the courts.

Standing in both Vadodara and Varanasi, Modi has shaken up Indian politics with a campaign that has combined a social media blitz with up to five rallies a day. The 63-year-old has even appeared as a hologram campaigning in remote hamlets.

Opinion polls give a coalition led by Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party a strong lead and predict the worst ever result for the Congress.

But most surveys predict the BJP will fall short of the 272 seats needed for a parliamentary majority, meaning it will need to find allies. The size of the shortfall will determine whether a Modi government can pass free market reforms aimed at reviving the economy, or be constrained by protectionist allies.

The BJP "will most certainly beat the Congress," said Nida Ali of Oxford Economics.

"Now they are trying to maximize the number of seats they can get, so they are not hindered by other parties. If they can get a majority, that would help in decision-making."

The results of India's elections are notoriously hard to predict, with block voting by caste and religion. Dramatic last-minute swings can confound experts, with opinion polls getting the result wrong in 2004.

In a reminder of the difficulties in converting Modi's popularity into seats, Arun Jaitley, risks losing a contest in Punjab over anger with the state government headed by a BJP ally.

The BJP's president, Rajnath Singh, also faces a tough fight in Lucknow, where voters lined up at schools despite the blazing summer sun on Wednesday.

"CRUCIAL MISTAKES"

The election remains Modi's to lose, however, and in recent days several senior Congress leaders have appeared to concede that prospects are gloomy. Finance Minister P. Chidambaram said on Monday "crucial mistakes" were made as public anger rose against corruption in 2010 and 2011. The Congress party has governed for two terms and oversaw some of India's fastest ever growth, but lost popularity as the economy slowed and rampant graft was uncovered.

Chidambaram himself chose not to contest this election, a decision seen by many as a sign of weakness, while Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is retiring. A top adviser to Congress president Sonia Gandhi told the Times of India on Monday that the party would consider backing a non-BJP coalition led by a different party to stop Modi.

The party has since distanced itself from the comments.

"The Congress party and its allies will form the next government at the centre," said Shakeel Ahmed, Congress general secretary.

Congress has fought a lacklustre campaign, led by Rahul Gandhi. Sonia, has also been a prominent campaigner, as has his sister. Some party leaders have even hinted a spell in opposition would be welcomed.

Modi wants to break the hold of the dynasty on Indian politics once and for all. He appealed to voters to put a strong government in place. "The voting that has happened has achieved two things. One, the mother-son government is gone. Second, a new government with a strong foundation will be in place," he said.