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Mission Kakatiya in Bangaru Telangana
Tanks have been the life line of Telangana owing to the state’s geographical positioning. The topography and rainfall pattern in Telangana have made tank irrigation an ideal type of irrigation by storing and regulating water flow for agricultural use.
Mission Kakatiya (Mana Ooru- Mana Cheruvu)
Tanks have been the lifeline of Telangana owing to the state’s geographical positioning. The topography and rainfall pattern in Telangana have made tank irrigation an ideal type of irrigation by storing and regulating water flow for agricultural use. Though tanks are mainly used for irrigation purposes, they are also used for rearing fisheries, as a common grazing land, as a source of clay for pottery etc. There are about 46,531 tanks in the State spreading across all the 10 districts.
Construction of tanks in Telangana has been an age old activity since pre-Satavahana era. During the Kakatiya era, the construction of tanks was carried out with utmost technical expertise. Tanks such as Ramappa, Pakhala, Laknavaram, Ghanapuram, Bayyaram which were built by Kakatiyas resemble seas and they greatly helped agriculture and overall development and prosperity of the Kakatiya kingdom.This vision and legacy of Kakatiyas were carried forward by Qutubshahis and Asafjahis who ruled this region for centuries. Hundreds of big and small tanks were built in Telangana region during their rule. However, after independence, the successive Governments have neglected the maintenance and development of tanks and allowed them to face extinction by way of siltation, breaches, encroachments etc.With the extinction of tank system, the self-sufficient villages of Telangana have become vulnerable to frequent drought.
Upholding the vision of Kakatiyas, the Government of Telangana launched a flagship program ‘Mission Kakatiya’, also known as Mana Ooru Mana Cheruvu. The mission aims at retrieving the lost glory of minor irrigation in the state with community participation for ensuring sustainable water security.
Objective of Mission Kakatiya
The objective of Mission Kakatiya is to enhance agriculture-based income for small and marginal farmers, by accelerating the development of minor irrigation infrastructure, strengthening community-based irrigation management and restoration tanks to its full potentials.
The Government has prioritized to take up restoration of minor irrigation tanks to restore them to store water to the extent of their original capacity and to effectively utilize 255 TMC of water allocated for Minor irrigation sector under Godavari & Krishna River basins. The minimum ayacut that can be irrigated with the above-allocated water is about 20 lakh acres. But as per the statistics, the ayacut now being irrigated is only about 9 to 10 lakh acres under minor irrigation tanks. Mission Kakatiya aims at bridging the gap ayacut of about 10 lakh acres by adopting following works:
(i) by de-silting the tank beds to restore original water storage capacity of tanks,
(ii) by repairing dilapidated sluices, weirs etc.,
(iii) by strengthening the tank bunds to its original standards,
(iv) by repairing the feeder channels to standards for getting water freely into tanks,
(v) by re-sectioning of irrigation channels to standards and (vi) repairs to CM & CD works for smooth distribution of water to fields according to their requirement.
As the schemes need multi-disciplinary approach, various departments of the State Government such as irrigation, agriculture, fisheries, rural development, forest, groundwater are in constant touch with each other for better coordination.
Responsibilities of different departments under the Mission are:
(i) Agriculture Department sees the suitability of tank silt for application in agriculture fields,
(ii) Rural Development Department sees to it that Mission Kakatiya is converged with various other programmes being implemented wherever necessary,
(iii) the tasks that of the Forest department is to utilise tank foreshore areas for afforestation, planting Silver Oak and Toddy (Eetha) trees around the tank boundaries,
(iv) Fisheries Department to takes up the activities which increase aquaculture in the tank,
(v) Revenue Department to coordinates with the field Engineers in identifying the Shikam lands, determining/demarking the FTL of tank, identifying the government waste lands for dumping the unproductive soil, and removing illegal constructions in tank bed,
(vi) Ground Water Department to monitor the groundwater levels and quality of groundwater, identify list of over-exploited villages to the district,
(vii) Information and Public Relations Department to create awareness on the benefits of restoration of the tanks.
Table 6.2: Implementation of Mission Kakaitya in Phase-I and Phase-II
| Item | Phase I (2014-15) | Phase II (2015-16) | Total | ||
| Number of Tank | Share in Total | Number of Tank | Share in Total | ||
| Total Tanks | 9306 | 20% | 9306 | 20% | 46,531 |
| Survey Completed Tanks so far | 8218 | 17% | 9018 | 19% | 47,799 |
The irrigation department has planned to restore all the 46,531 minor irrigation sources in next five years, taking up 20% (9,306) of the tanks each year. Under the first phase of Mission Kakatiya, 9,306 tanks were taken up for renovation. The budget provision for the Scheme in 2014-15 was Rs.2016 crore and in 2015-16 it is Rs. 2083.13 crore.
| Save Gandipet Tank Campaign |
| Osman Sagar was created by constructing a dam on the Musi River in 1916, to serve as drinking water reservoir for Hyderabad, and also to save the city from floods. Realizing the importance of reclamation of green environment for growth in the state, the Government has taken up the programme ‘Save Gandipet’ under Mission Kakatiya.Objective Of Save Gandipet Tank include: (i) To protect the lake from all encroachments, (ii) to build a fencing along the FTL (Full Tank Level) of the Lake without disturbing water inflows & outflows so as to stop further encroachments, and (iii) to develop Recreational spaces including walking /Jogging, Cycling Tracks & Landscape areas to create a lively environment around the Lake. |
Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Telangana
Irrigation projects are classified into three categories i.e., major, medium & minor based on the command area:
(i) projects with a command area of more than 10,000 hectares are categorised as major irrigation projects,
(ii) projects with command area less than 10,000 hectares but more than 2,000 hectares are categorised as medium irrigation projects,
(iii) projects with a command area of fewer than 2,000 hectares are categorised as minor irrigation projects.
Major rivers passing through Telangana are the Krishna, the Godavari, the Musi and the Manjira. Harnessing the river water, eight major irrigation projects were built in Telangana so far and 13 projects are in the process of completion.Description of the completed and on-going major irrigation projects are given in Box-1 and Box-2.
| Box-1: Completed Major Irrigation Projects in Telangana | |
| Alisagar LIS | The scheme envisages lifting of water from Godavari River from foreshore of Sriramsagar project near Kosli(V), Navipet(M), Nizamabad district for stabilizing the gap ayacut of Nizamsagar project. It irrigates an ayacut of 21,769 ha. |
| Arugula Rajaram - Guthpa LIS | The scheme envisages lifting of water from Godavari river from foreshore of SriramSagar project near Ummeda(V), Navipet(M) Nizamabad district for stabilizing the gap ayacut of Nizamsagar project from D/74 to D/82. It irrigates an ayacut of 38,792 Acres and about 6 mandals get benefited. |
| Jurala Projects | Priyadarshini Jurala Project has been taken up across the river Krishna near Revulapally (v) of Dharur Mandal in Mahaboobnagar district for providing irrigation facilities to drought affected areas of Mahabubnagar dist.It irrigates an ayacut of 26,103 ha under the left canal and 15,257 ha under the right canal and would also generate power to an extent of 221.40 MW. The total ayacut is 41,360 ha. |
| Kaddam Narayana Reddy Project | Kaddam Narayan Reddy constructed across river Kadem at Peddur (V), Kaddam Mandal, Adilabad Dist.The project evisages provision of Irrigation facilities to an area of about 69,828 acres.About 98 villages benefitted by this project. |
| Nagarjuna Sagar Project
| Nagarjuna Sagar Project is a multipurpose scheme on the river Krishna. The project evisages provision of irrigation facilities to an area of about 8,95,281 Ha. located in Nalgonda and Khammam of Telangana and Krishna, Guntur and Prakasam Districts of Andhra Pradesh and also to generate power to an extent of 960 M.W. |
| Nizam Sagar Project | Nizamsagar Project was constructed by the Nizam during 1923-31 to provide irrigation to 2.75 lakh acres in Nizambad District. The modernisation of Nizamsagar Project system was taken up during 1970 and the full reservoir level (FRL) of Nizamsagar has been raised from 426.87 to 428.24 meters which resulted in, increase in the storage capacity of the reservoir from 11.8 to 17.8 thousand million cubic feet (TMC).The project envisages provision of irrigation facilities to an area of about 2.31 lakh acres in 15 mandals of Nizambad District. |
| Rajolibanda Diversion Scheme | Rajoli Banda Diversion Scheme is an interstate project of Karnataka and Telangana states consisting of an anicut built across Tungabhadra river lies in Raichur district, Karnataka state. The scheme was sanctioned during the erstwhile Nizam state.The construction of anicut was started in 1946 and completed by 1958. The Water supplied to 143 Km long RDS canal to benefit drought area of 15 villages in Manvi taluk of Karnataka state, and 8 villages in Gadwal taluk, 67 villages of Alampur taluk in Mahabubnagar district of Telangana state and 4 villages in Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh State. A total of 75 villages in Telangana state are under RDS Command.The project envisages provision of Irrigation facilities to an area of about 87,500 acres in Mahabubnagar District.75 villages in Telangana,4 villages in Andhra Pradesh,15 villages in Karnataka get benefited by this project. |
| Sri Ram Sagar Project Stage-I
| Sriramsagar Project across the Godavari River at Pochampad (v) in Nizamabad District is a Multipurpose Irrigation Project. The foundation stone of this project was laid on 26th July, 1963. The project was envisaged to be constructed in two stages. The Stage - I of the Project contemplates to provide Irrigation facilities to an extent of 3,92,000 ha. It also provides drinking water to urban & rural areas along the canal system, particularly Karimnagar and Warangal towns. It also meets the water demands of National Thermal Power Corporation at Ramagundam. In addition to the above, 4 hydro power units of 9 M.W. each set up to generate 36 M.W. on the right side in the non-overflow portion of the Masonry Dam at Sriramsagar Reservoir. |
| Box-2: On Going Projects Major Irrigation projects in Telangana | |
| Dummagudem to NS Tail pond | The scheme is contemplated to lift 165 thousand million cubic feet of water from River Godavari from upstream of Dummugudem anicut near Anantharam (v) in Manuguru (M) of Khammam District and to carry to Nagarjunasagar Project tail pond during flood season of river Godavari to supplement irrigation under Nagarjunasagar Project.It irrigates an ayacut of 22,12,670 acres (Stabilzation of NSP ayacut) |
| Flood Flow Canal from SRSP
| SRSP Flood Flow Canal is a 130 kms long gravity canal from Sriram Sagar Project, Sangam Village, Nizamabad District to Mid Manair Dam, Manwada Village, Karimnagar District, Telangana. This Canal initiated as part of Sriram Sagar stage-II for which the foundation stone was laid in 1991. With this Canal the surplus water from Sriram Sagar Project can be taken into Mid Manair Dam to utilize another 25 TMC feet and also it can be used to fill the Lower Manair Dam at Karimnagar City.The Flood Flow Canal (FFC) project envisages Irrigation facility to an area of 2.2 lakh acres in the drought prone areas of Telangana region duly diverting about 20 TMC of surplus waters from Sriramasagar Project. |
| Indira Sagar - Rudramkota - Dummugudem LIS | The Scheme envisages lifting of 51.50 cusecs of water from Godavari River near Rudramkota (V), Velerupadu (M) of Khammam District to irrigate 2,00,929 acres in Khammam district of Telangana and Krishna and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh and to provide drinking water facilities to the villages enroute the canal system.This lift scheme, contemplated as a multi-purpose project.It irrigates about 2,00,000 acres and provides drinking water facilities. |
| Jawahar Nettampadu LIS
| Jawahar Lift Irrigation Project envisages lifting of 22 TMC water from foreshore of Priyadarshini Jurala Project near Upperu village Dharur Mandal for irrigating an Ayacut of 2 lakh acres in the drought prone upland areas of 148 villages of Gadwal, Alampur Constituencies, besides providing drinking water to enroute canal system, covering 8 Mandals viz.Dharur, Gattu, Gadwal, Maldakal, Ieeja, Itikyal, Manopad and Waddepally Mandals. |
| J. Chokka Rao Devadula LIS | J.Chokka Rao Devadula Lift Irrigation Scheme contemplates for lifting of water from Godavari River near Gangaram (V), Eturunagaram (M), Warangal District to irrigate 6.21 Lakh Acres in upland drought prone areas of Karimnagar, Warangal, Nalgonda and Medak Districts by utilizing 38.18 TMC of water out of 467.24 TMC water available at Intake point in the river Godavari. Pumping period proposed for 170 days between late June/early July and end of November.This project irrigates an ayacut of 6.21 Lakh Acres in upland drought prone areas of Karimnagar, Warangal, Nalgonda and Medak Districts. |
| Kaleswaram LIS
| The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme is essentially aimed at the development of drought prone, upland and backward areas of Telangana Region to provide irrigation facilities to an extent of 45,000Acres in Karimnagar district.This lift scheme, contemplated as a multi-purpose project.It irrigates about 45,000 acres and provides drinking water facility.About 64 villages gets benefited by this project. |
| Koilsagar LIS | Koilsagar Project is constructed as a medium irrigation project in 1955 in Mahabubnagar District. This project envisages irrigation facility to an area of 50,250 acres in the drought prone areas of Telangana region.About 72 number of villages get benefited. |
| Mahathma Gandhi Kalwakurthy LIS | Kalwakurthy Lift Irrigation Scheme, renamed as Mahatma Gandhi Lift Irrigation Project is proposed to provide irrigation water to an extent of 3.40 lakhs acres and drinking water to chronically drought prone upland areas in Mahabubnagar district covering about (303) villages in erstwhile taluks of Kollapur, Nagarkurnool, Achampet, Jadcherla and Kalwakurthy constituencies (in 19 Mandals). Water is proposed to be lifted to a total height of 298 mts in 3 stages from foreshore of Srisailam reservoir at Regumangadda , Yellur (v), Kollapur (M), from level +244.40 M to +502.00M. The project is designed to irrigate 1,01,173 ha of I.D. and to provide drinking water facilities for the villages enroute. |
| Pranahita Chevella LIS
| Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Pranahita-Chevella Sujala Sravanthi project envisages diversion of 160 TMC of water by constructing a barrage across river Pranahita, a major tributary to river Godavari. It further utilizes 20 TMC of water from river Godavari at Sripada Yellampally Project. It is contemplated to irrigate a command area of 6,63,700 hectares in Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Medak, Warangal, Rangareddy, and Nalgonda districts.Besides irrigation, the project also envisages provisions for drinking water, industrial requirements and drinking water to twin cities of Hyderabad & Secunderabad. |
| P. V. Narasimha Rao Kanthanapally Sujala Sravanthi | P.V.Narasimha Rao Kanthanpalli Sujala Sravanthi Project on Godavari River by construction of a barrage at Kanthanapally (V), Eturunagaram (M), Warangal District and diverting water through tunnels and lifts. A total of 50 TMC of water out of 429.06 TMC water available at Barrage site in the river Godavari is proposed to be diverted in Phase-I and is utilized for stabilization of 7,50, 000 Acres of ayacut under Sriram Sagar Project Stage-I & II in Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda Districts.Drinking water for 8 lakhs population and 280MW power will be generated by this project. |
| Rajiv Bhima LIS
| On completion of the Project, a total ayacut of 83,779 ha in Makthal, Atmakur, Wanaparthy, and Kollapur Taluks of Mahaboobnagar District. |
| Rajiv Sagar - Dummugudem LIS | The scheme envisages lifting of 51.5 cusecs of water from Godavari River near Pamulapally (V), Aswapuram (M) of Khammam District to irrigate 2,00,000 acres in Khammam and Warangal districts and to provide drinking water facilities to the villages enroute canal system. |
| Singur Project
| Singur project envisages construction of dam near Singur village of Medak District across the Manjeera river to provide drinking water to the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad and to provide irrigation facilities.The project envisages providing 4 TMC of water to the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad for drinking and industrial purpose in addition to stabilizing the existing ayacut under Nizamsagar Reservoir and providing irrigation facilities to a new ayacut of 40000 acres in Medak District. Besides two units each of 7.5 M.W. capacity to generate power of 15 M.W. are also proposed to be installed. |
| Sripada Sagar (Yellampally) LIS | Sripada Sagar Yellampally Project is an important milestone in the development of back ward areas of Telangana state,as well as in the proposed full harnessing and utilization of available waters of Godavari river. It proposes to irrigate an ayacut of 2,20,000 acres in Karimnagar dist,and stabilization of 30,000 acres in Adilabad dist.About 32 villages get benefited by this project. |
| Sriram Sagar Project Stage-II | The Sriramsagar Project (SRSP) Stage-II Scheme consists of (i) Extension of Kakitiya canal from Km 284 to Km 347, (ii) Saraswathi Canal tail reach from KM 77 to KM 144, (iii) Stabilisation under existing Kaddam Canal. |
| Srisailam Left Bank Canal | The Alimineti Madhava Reddy Srisailam Left Bank Canal Project (AMRP) was started in 1983 to provide irrigation facilities in the drought prone areas of Nalgonda District for 3 lakh acre. |
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| The scheme envisages lifting of 6.70 TMC of water from foreshore of Udayasamudram Balancing Reservoir of AMR SLBC Project for irrigating 1lakh acre of ayacut in chronically drought effected upland areas of Nakrekal, Nalgonda, Mungode, Thungathurthy Assembly Constituencies of Nalgonda District. |
Udaya Samudram LISMedium Irrigation Projects: There are 39 completed and 9 ongoing medium irrigation projects in Telangana. Completed medium irrigation projects include Asif Nahar Project, Bayyaram Tank, Gaddena-Suddavagu Project, Gundlavagu Project, KoilSagar Project, Mukkamamidi Project, Nallavagu Project, PP Rao Project (Yerra vagu) etc. Medium irrigation projects under construction are Peddavagu near Jagannathpur, Nilwai Project, Kinnerasani canals, Gollavagu Project, Sri Komaram Bheem Project, Palemvagu Project, Modikuntavagu Project, Lendi Project and Choutapally Hanumanthareddy LIS.
Re-designed irrigation schemes after formation of the Telangana State
The following are the Irrigation Schemes that are re-designed in Telangana State after formation of the state:
(i) The Dr. Ambedkar Pranahita-Chevellla Sujala Sravanthi: The originally designed project has been redesigned and renamed as Kaleshwaram Irrigation Project.
(ii). The Dummugudem Project has been redesigned and renamed as Seeta Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme.
Newly proposed irrigation projects: After formation of the Telangana State following new projects have been proposed:
- Palamur Rangareddy Lift Irrigation Scheme.
- Dindi lift Irrigation Scheme.
- Bakta Ramadas Lift Irrigation Scheme.
G.Rajendera Kumar
