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India stands sixth in Global Terrorism Index
Highlights
With the death of 129 people in deadly attack claimed by terror organization the Islamic State, the focus has once again shifted to global trends and patterns in terrorism over the last 15 years.
With the death of 129 people in deadly attack claimed by terror organization the Islamic State, the focus has once again shifted to global trends and patterns in terrorism over the last 15 years.
India has been ranked as the 6th most affected country, out of 162 nations, while India continues to be among the 10 countries impacted most by terrorism in 2014 and was the first time since 2000 that India did not feature among the ten countries with highest fatalities from terrorism, according to a Global Terrorism Index 2015 (GTI) that points to an 80 percent spike in terrorist activity worldwide, claiming 32,685 from 18,111 deaths of previous year, with ISIS and Boko Haram are now jointly responsible for 6,073 and 6,644 deaths respectively. The number of people who have died from terrorist activity has increased nine-fold since the year 2000.
The basic definition of Terrorism is an act designed to cause terror in the hearts of people and the terror activities include number of terrorist incidents, number of fatalities caused by terrorism, number of injuries caused by terrorism and total property damage from terrorist incidents.
In India, the two deadliest Islamic terrorist groups were Lashkar-e-Taiba(LeT) and Hizbul Mujahideen they were responsible for 57 deaths in the Jammu and Kashmir region and these two terrorist groups also jointly responsible for 51 percent of all global fatalities from claimed terrorist attacks.
India witnessed a slight increase in terror-related deaths, up by 1.2 per cent in 2014 to reach a total of 416, the highest number of terrorist incidents and deaths since 2010.There were 763 incidents which represent a 20 per cent increase from 2013.
The Pakistan-based LeT was responsible for 24 deaths in 2014, while Hizbul Mujahideen was responsible for 11 deaths in 2014, down from 30 deaths in the previous year. In 2013, Hizbul Mujahideen was the only group in India to use suicide tactics, but in 2014 there were no suicide attacks in India were reported.
Terrorist activity is now highly concentrated in five countries for 78 percent deaths, they are Iraq, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Syria. Iraq topped the table of causalities with 9,929 deaths followed by Nigeria (7,512), Afghanistan (4,505), Pakistan (1,760) and Syria (1,698).
While terrorism is highly concentrated in a small number of countries, the number of countries which have had a terrorist attack is also increasing. In 2014 terrorism impacted more countries than ever before. Attacks were recorded in 93 countries, up from 88 in 2013. This continues the trend from 2011 with more countries experiencing terrorist attacks and deaths each year.
Furthermore, there was a 120 per cent increase in the number of countries that recorded over 500 deaths: in 2014 eleven countries, up from five countries in 2013. Nigeria experienced the biggest year-on-year increase in deaths ever recorded with 5,662 more people being killed, an over 300 per cent increase.
Pakistan was ranked fourth of the list while the US was ranked 35th among the nation’s most impacted by terrorism.
Boko Haram was the single deadliest terrorist organization in 2014, which pledged its allegiance to ISIL as the Islamic State’s West Africa Province (ISWAP) in March 2015, causing 6,644 deaths compared to ISIL’s 6,073. This group was responsible for 7,512 deaths in Nigeria, an increase of 300 percent from 2013. Overall, Iraq had the highest number of terrorism related deaths with 9,929 people killed in the course of the year.
India has featured 14 times in the 10 countries most affected by terrorism for the 2000–2014 period. However, this is due to the growth of terrorism in other countries more than to an improvement in India and the majority of attacks in India have low causalities.
In 2014 around 70 per cent of attacks in India were non-lethal. Of the 50 different terrorist groups that engaged in a terrorist act in 2014, 28 groups did not kill anyone. The Global Terrorism Index also noted that beyond the number of people killed, the general scope of terrorism also increased. Eleven countries suffered over 500 terrorism fatalities in 2014. In 2013, only five countries were affected by that volume of terrorism.
Despite the rise in terrorism globally, CNN notes that the Europe and the US have remained relatively free of terrorist incidents. If the September 11th attacks are excluded, only 0.5% of terrorism fatalities since 2000 have occurred in the West.
Terrorism in the US has largely been the work of "long wolves," or attackers without a clear operational connection to a terrorist group. According to the Global Terrorism Index, lone wolf attacks acconted for 70% of all terrorism-linked deaths in the West over the past 10 years. Of those "lone wolves," 80% of attacks were motivated by "political extremists, nationalists, racial and religious supremacists," rather than by jihadists.
Key findings of the Report
· According to this year's report, Armenia is one of the safest countries in the world and the top ten dangerous countries have Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Syria, India, Yemen, Somalia, Libya and Thailand in the list.
· The safest country Armenia, according to the Global Terrorism Index, ranked 116th among the list of 162 countries.
· The top five countries that accounted for 78 percent of terrorist attacks were Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan and Syria.
· Iraq stands out as the worst-affected country, in the Global Terrorism Index, accounting for 30 per cent of all deaths from terrorism. More than 9900 people died in 3,370 attacks in Iraq last year.
· Philippines ranks number 11 in the list but according to the reports, it is one of the countries with the biggest improvement in terrorism effects from 2013 to 2014.
· France, which recently experienced attacks in Paris which killed about 160 people, is ranked at number 36, same as the United States of America.
· Nigeria has been ranked third, according to the 2015 Global Terrorism Index. It's rank is all said to be because of the terror events that were organised by Boko Haram.
· In Nigeria, at least 17,000 people have been killed and more than 2.5 million made homeless since the Boko Haram rebellion began in 2009.
· The report also says that the number of people killed by terrorism reached a record high in 2014.
· Terrorism killed more than 32,600 people last year. This was an 80 percent increase from 2013.
By G Rajendera Kumar
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