Scientists put cost of poor child growth at $177 bn

Progress in improving early childhood physical development has been slow compared to the significant achievements in reducing under-five mortality rates, the report said. The Harvard scientists arrived at the $177 billion figure after looking at indicators for the 123 million children born in 2010 in 137 low and middle-income countries. The estimated reduction in earnings due to poor early growth was largest in South Asia where children born in any given year can expect to lose $46.6 billion in potential earnings over their lifetimes, followed by Latin America ($44.7 billion) and sub-Saharan Africa ($34.2 billion)

London: Children born in developing countries this year will lose more than $177 billion in potential life-time earnings because of stunting and other delays in physical development, scientists said. Children who have poor growth in their first years of life tend to perform worse at school which usually leads to poorer earning power later on. The Harvard scientists calculated that every dollar invested in eliminating poor early growth would yield a $3 return.

"$177 billion is a big pay cheque that the world is missing out on about half a percentage point of GDP of these countries," said Peter Singer, head of Grand Challenges Canada, which funded the research through its Saving Brains programme. "We have to stop wasting the world's most precious economic and social asset and ensure children thrive." Poor nutrition, premature birth, low breastfeeding rates and early exposure to infection are among several causes of stunting which affects three in 10 children in the developing world.

World Bank President Jim Yong Kim recently warned that childhood stunting was "a great unrecognised disaster", adding that countries which failed to invest in early child development would be left behind in an increasingly complex, digital world. Echoing his remarks, Singer said the economic value of investing in children's early years was "absolutely humongous"."In an age of essentially stagnant growth, ignoring this issue is the dumbest thing you could do for the global economy, while paying attention to this issue would be one of the smartest," he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

Breastfeeding and hand washing
Scientists at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health said their research represented the first in-depth study of the economic impact of poor early growth in low- and middle-income countries. Progress in improving early childhood physical development has been slow compared to the significant achievements in reducing under-five mortality rates, the report said. The Harvard scientists arrived at the $177 billion figure after looking at indicators for the 123 million children born in 2010 in 137 low and middle-income countries.

The estimated reduction in earnings due to poor early growth was largest in South Asia where children born in any given year can expect to lose $46.6 billion in potential earnings over their lifetimes, followed by Latin America ($44.7 billion) and sub-Saharan Africa ($34.2 billion). Countries with the most to gain in terms of future incomes were India ($37.9 billion), Mexico ($18.5 billion), and China ($13.3 billion).

The report's author, Gunther Fink, said strategies to improve child growth included improving antenatal care, encouraging mothers to exclusively breastfeed for at least six months and providing micronutrients for children. Improving hand washing would also boost development by helping to prevent diarrhoea which reduces the absorption of nutrients, said Fink.

Grand Challenges Canada, which is funded by the Canadian government, champions innovations designed to have a big impact in global health. Its Saving Brains programme supports new approaches for nurturing early brain development. Around 1.2 million children in India could have been saved in 2015 had the basic minimum sanitation and healthcare facilities been provided for, says the UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children Report 2016.

Dispelling the idea that economic growth means better conditions for children, the report added, “Some countries on the fast lane for global economic growth including India and Nigeria have been in the slower lane for child mortality reduction”. India along with Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Pakistan account for more than half the 5.9 million children who died last year before attaining the age of five years. Around 39% were babies who died due to complications during birth. Most of the rest, the report said, died from diseases like malaria and diarrhoea, which are easy to control, but have become prime killers through lack of proper sanitation and access to healthcare.