Don’t ignore persistent cough, fever and breathing difficulty, The Deccan Hospital experts warn

Seasonal respiratory infections can affect anyone, but children, elderly people and those with chronic illnesses need extra care by Dr Vamsee Krishna, Consultant MD Physician and Dr N Sreekanth, Consultant Physician.

The Deccan Hospital, Somajiguda, Hyderabad

Seasonal changes often bring a rise in respiratory infections such as the common cold, influenza, viral throat infections and, in some cases, pneumonia. Sudden changes in temperature, crowded indoor spaces and increased exposure to people with respiratory symptoms can make it easier for infections to spread.

Most respiratory infections are mild and improve with adequate rest, fluids and appropriate symptomatic treatment. However, certain infections can become serious, particularly in young children, older adults and people with underlying health conditions.

Common symptoms

Respiratory infections may present with:

♦ Cough, with or without phlegm

♦ Runny or blocked nose

♦ Sore throat

♦ Fever or chills

♦ Headache and body aches

♦ Tiredness and weakness

♦ Sneezing

♦ Breathing difficulty in more serious infections

Influenza can cause a more sudden onset of fever, body aches, headache, cough and marked tiredness compared with an ordinary common cold.

When should you be concerned?

A persistent or worsening cough and fever should not always be dismissed as a routine seasonal infection. Medical evaluation is particularly important if symptoms are severe, prolonged or getting worse.

Seek prompt medical attention if there is:

♦ Difficulty or rapid breathing

♦ Chest pain

♦ Persistent or high fever

♦ Bluish lips or face

♦ Confusion, excessive drowsiness or unusual weakness

♦ Difficulty drinking fluids or signs of dehydration

♦ Coughing up blood

♦ Symptoms that initially improve but then become significantly worse

In children, poor feeding, unusual sleepiness, breathing difficulty, persistent vomiting or reduced urine output should receive immediate medical attention.

Who is at greater risk?

Although respiratory infections can affect anyone, complications are more likely among:

♦ Children, particularly infants and very young children

♦ Adults above 65 years

♦ People with diabetes

♦ Individuals with heart or lung diseases

♦ People with weakened immunity

♦ Patients with chronic kidney disease or other long-term illnesses

Older adults may sometimes develop serious respiratory infections without a very high fever. A sudden change in alertness, appetite, activity level or breathing should therefore not be ignored.

Prevention starts with simple habits

Good respiratory hygiene can significantly reduce the spread of infection.

Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands. Cover your mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing, preferably with a tissue or your elbow.

If you are experiencing fever, significant cough or other respiratory symptoms, avoid close contact with elderly people, infants and individuals with chronic illnesses. Wearing a well-fitting mask in crowded or poorly ventilated settings can also help reduce transmission.

Good ventilation at home, workplaces and other indoor spaces is especially important when respiratory infections are circulating.

Do not take antibiotics without medical advice

One of the common mistakes during seasonal illness is taking antibiotics for every episode of cough, cold or fever.

Many respiratory infections are caused by viruses, against which antibiotics do not work. Unnecessary antibiotic use can cause side effects and contributes to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics should be taken only when prescribed by a qualified medical professional.

Medicines for fever, cough or cold should also be used appropriately, especially in children, older adults and people taking medicines for other medical conditions.

Vaccination can offer important protection

Vaccination is an important preventive measure against influenza and certain other respiratory infections. Annual influenza vaccination may be particularly beneficial for people at higher risk of complications.

Older adults, young children and people with chronic medical conditions should discuss appropriate vaccinations with their doctor.

Healthy habits support recovery

Adequate sleep, a balanced diet, sufficient fluids and regular physical activity support overall health. During an infection, adequate hydration and rest are particularly important.

However, healthy habits do not replace medical treatment when warning signs are present.

Don’t ignore breathing difficulties

A cough or cold may seem minor, but respiratory infections can occasionally progress to complications such as pneumonia. Early medical evaluation can help identify patients who need further investigation or treatment.

The key message is simple: Do not panic about every cough or fever, but do not ignore symptoms that are severe, persistent or worsening. Extra caution is needed when children, elderly family members or people with chronic illnesses develop respiratory symptoms.

With good hygiene, appropriate vaccination, responsible use of medicines and timely medical care, many seasonal respiratory infections can be prevented or managed safely.

For persistent, severe or worsening respiratory symptoms, consult a qualified medical professional rather than relying on self-medication.

The Deccan Hospital

Somajiguda, Hyderabad.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

The Hans India