1984 Anti-Sikh Massacre: How the Justice System Shielded Political Patrons

In Short

Speaking at the session, “Murder of Justice”, at the BJP’s 'Zakhm 84 De' conclave, Justice Dhingra laid bare four decades of systemic subversion of the criminal justice system.

1984 Anti-Sikh Massacre
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1984 Anti-Sikh Massacre

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Congress party keeps talking about saving the Constitution, transparency, and accountability from all public platforms, but the trials following the 1984 anti-Sikh massacre were conducted like an institutional “fraud” designed to shield influential political patrons, said former Delhi High Court judge Justice Shiv Narain Dhingra.

Speaking at the session, “Murder of Justice”, at the BJP’s 'Zakhm 84 De' conclave, Justice Dhingra laid bare four decades of systemic subversion of the criminal justice system. Incidentally, Justice Dhingra had also headed the SIT that was mandated by the Supreme Court in 2018. He explained how the police machinery, procedural technicalities, and political patronage converged to bury accountability.

“No riot takes place on its own; every communal riot is managed and patronised. In 1984, crowds from resettlement colonies were mobilised, armed, and handed specific lists to target Sikh households. What followed in courtrooms was a mockery of justice,” he said.

Justice Dhingra added, “When our justice delivery system operates with a dismal six per cent conviction rate, does an acquittal after two decades represent justice? If the accused brought before the Bench didn't commit the murder, then who did? The state had an obligation to find out, but the system simply rolled over.”

Drawing from his tenure as Additional Sessions Judge at the Karkardooma Special Court handling East Delhi cases, Justice Dhingra highlighted the procedural traps deployed by the then-administration.

He said in the Trilokpuri massacres, police bundled over 200 distinct murders into a single omnibus first information report (FIR). Knowing that criminal procedural law forbids trying more than three offences together, the prosecution let an application to separate the cases languish for years.

Justice Dhingra recalled retrieving the stalled plea, directing independent chargesheets for each murder, and breaking it down into 200 distinct trials, bringing key political figures like H.K.L. Bhagat and local councillors to stand trial.

Successive inquiry panels were rotated between 1984 and 1992 solely to prevent the registration of formal criminal cases.

When FIRs were finally registered, eight years later, following the commission’s recommendations, the state’s defence lawyers cynically used the “unexplained eight-year delay” as the principal ground to secure acquittals in the trial courts.

Recalling an attempt by the CBI to arrest Congress leader Sajjan Kumar, Justice Dhingra recounted that sleuths arriving at 7 a.m. were forced to wait outside while a mob encircled the residence within 15 minutes. Local police refused to assist the central agency; Kumar’s lawyers secured anticipatory bail before noon.

It may be mentioned here that the BJP had made the issue of the 1984 anti-Sikh riots one of its main poll issues in Punjab.

A Journey of Three Decades Time passes faster than we realise. What feels like a journey that began only yesterday has today grown into more than three decades of a meaningful and fulfilling life devoted to education, journalism, and the empowerment of young minds. My professional journey began with journalism training in New Delhi in 1979. I went on to work as an independent journalist, drawing on my fluency in both English and Telugu. Over the years, I have edited and worked on Telugu articles in both languages, an experience that strengthened my command of language and sharpened my understanding of society, people, and contemporary issues. Yet, my principal profession and enduring passion have always been teaching. My decision to become a teacher was not merely a career choice—it was a calling. Teaching offered me the rare privilege of inspiring young minds, guiding them through their formative years, and making a lasting difference in their lives. I found immense satisfaction in simplifying complex concepts, nurturing curiosity, encouraging independent thought, and building confidence among students. Every moment in the classroom—every question, every moment of discovery, and every spark of understanding—reminded me why I had chosen this path: to empower young people through knowledge, values, and essential life skills. My teaching career began at the grassroots level as a Montessori teacher and gradually progressed to the position of Vice Principal. I had the opportunity to work in reputed educational institutions, including Dilsukhnagar Public School in Hyderabad, where I shouldered both teaching and administrative responsibilities. Although I have always considered myself, at heart, a teacher, my administrative experience enabled me to understand and contribute to the education system from a much broader perspective. For my students, I have always tried to be an approachable and dependable presence—someone they could turn to not only for academic support, but also for guidance and emotional encouragement. At the same time, I developed a reputation as a firm disciplinarian who believed that integrity, fairness, responsibility, and discipline were fundamental to education. I was also consistently appreciated for maintaining clear communication with parents and staff and for ensuring that examinations and other academic processes were conducted with transparency, fairness, and efficiency. As my career progressed, however, I began to feel that academic education alone was not enough. This realization led me to work more closely with students following the SSC and CBSE curricula, while consciously bringing life-skills education into my teaching. I came to understand that education becomes truly meaningful when it prepares children not merely to pass examinations, but to face life. Teaching emotional resilience, self-reliance, social awareness, communication, decision-making, and other practical life skills often had a deeper and more lasting impact than academic achievement alone. I saw how these skills could help students navigate challenges with greater confidence, maturity, and responsibility. My academic background provided a strong foundation for this approach. My degree in Psychology from the University of Madras helped me develop a deeper understanding of young people's minds, their emotional needs, and the influence of their family and social environments. My M.A. in Telugu with First Class from Osmania University.

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