The Deccan Hospital, creates awareness on prostate cancer and importance of early detection

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men, particularly as they grow older. The encouraging news is that when prostate cancer is detected at an early stage, treatment can be highly effective and the chances of long-term survival are significantly better. However, many men delay medical evaluation because early prostate cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms.

The prostate is a small gland located below the urinary bladder and surrounding part of the urethra. As men age, changes in the prostate become increasingly common. While prostate enlargement is usually benign, some men can develop prostate cancer. Therefore, persistent urinary symptoms or other warning signs should not simply be attributed to ageing.

Who is at greater risk?

The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, particularly after 50. Men with a family history of prostate cancer may have a higher risk and should discuss appropriate screening with their doctor. Certain inherited genetic factors can also increase risk.

Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet and avoiding tobacco are important components of overall men’s health.

What symptoms should men watch for?

Early prostate cancer may have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include:

♦ Difficulty starting urination

♦ Weak or interrupted urine flow

♦ Frequent urination, especially at night

♦ Urgency to urinate

♦ Feeling that the bladder has not completely emptied

♦ Blood in the urine or semen

♦ Painful urination or ejaculation in some cases

♦ Persistent pain in the back, hips or pelvis in advanced disease

These symptoms can also occur with benign prostate enlargement or urinary infections. Therefore, symptoms alone cannot confirm prostate cancer.

The role of PSA testing

The PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test can help in assessing prostate health. Depending on a man’s age, family history and individual risk factors, a doctor may recommend PSA testing along with a clinical examination.

An elevated PSA level does not automatically mean prostate cancer. PSA can also increase because of benign prostate enlargement, inflammation or infection. If the results are concerning, a urologist may recommend further evaluation, which could include imaging such as multiparametric MRI and, when appropriate, a prostate biopsy.

Screening should be discussed with a qualified healthcare professional so that the benefits and limitations can be considered for each individual.

Early detection offers more treatment options

When prostate cancer is detected while it remains confined to the prostate, several treatment approaches may be possible depending on the patient’s age, general health and characteristics of the cancer.

For selected low-risk cancers, active surveillance may be appropriate. Other patients may require surgery, radiation therapy or additional treatments. For advanced prostate cancer, modern hormonal and systemic therapies can help control the disease and improve quality of life.

Don’t ignore changes in urination

Many men hesitate to discuss urinary or sexual health problems. This can lead to unnecessary delays in diagnosis and treatment. Men, especially those over 50 or those with a family history of prostate cancer, should discuss prostate health with their doctor. Men at increased risk may need an individualized screening plan.

A message to men

Prostate cancer may not produce symptoms in its early stages. Early detection can provide more treatment options and improve the chances of successful treatment. Do not ignore persistent urinary changes, blood in the urine or semen, or unexplained pelvic, hip or back pain.

Dr. Kishore, MS Mch Urologist, The Deccan Hospital, Somajiguda

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

The Hans India