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Watershed Development In Bangaru Telangana
Highlights
The IWMP is launched with an aim to restore the ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural resources such as soil, vegetative cover and water and create sustainable livelihoods for asset less.
Integrated Watershed Management Programme(IWMP)
The IWMP is launched with an aim to restore the ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural resources such as soil, vegetative cover and water and create sustainable livelihoods for asset less.
The Department of Rural Development implemented watersheds through different programmes viz. Integrated Wastelands Development Programmes, Drought Prone Areas Programme and Desert Development programme. Based on the recommendations of Technical Committee under the Chairmanship of Prof. C.H. Hanumantha Rao, Department of Land resources, Government of India launched new integrated program on watershed development called Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) in 2008.
The main objectives of the IWMP are to restore the ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural resources such as soil, vegetative cover and water. The outcomes are prevention of soil run-off, regeneration of natural vegetation, rainwater harvesting and re-charging of ground water table. This enables multi-cropping and the introduction of diverse agro-based activities, which help to provide sustainable livelihoods to the people residing in the watershed area.
The key features of this new unified approach are as follows :-
1. States would be empowered to sanction and oversee implementation of watersheds
2. Dedicated institutions and organizational structure at national, state level, district level for implementation of the programme
3. Additional funds are provided for creating dedicated institutions
4. The duration of the programme would be for 4 to 7 years and divided into phases
5. Livelihood orientation like productivity enhancement and entrepreneurship development emphasized by the programme
6. Cluster approach is followed and each cluster would consists of 1000 to 5000 hectares
7. Scientific planning based on the scientific information available from remote sensing will be used
8. Capacity building and training of all functionaries and stakeholders
9. Multi tier ridge to valley sequenced approach is followed
Programmes
DPAP and DDP Schemes
In Telangana, the Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) and Desert Development Programme (DDP) are being implemented since 1995 in 7 districts. Watershed programmes are implemented in Mahabubnagar, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Adilabad, Khammam,Warangal and Nalgonda districts under DPAP.
Traditionally, the watershed approach was aimed at treating degraded lands with the help of low costs and locally accessed technologies such as in-situ soil & moisture conservation, afforestation etc by involving village communities in the implementation of watershed programme under DPAP and DDP to promote overall development of poorer sections of people inhabiting in the programme areas.
The approach basically followed was project based Ridge to Valley concept with the minimum unit of area being 500 hectares.
The Watersheds Programme is being implemented in 94 Blocks in DPAP and in 16 Blocks in DDP. So far Government of India has Sanctioned 3882 Watersheds under DPAP and 906 under DDP covering an area of 19.41 lakh hectares and 4.53 lakh hectares respectively.
Funding Pattern :-
The Government of India is funding for sanction of Watersheds with 75% share and State Government with 25% share. The period of the project is for 5 years and the unit cost norm is Rs 6000 per hectare.
Activities :-
Development of water harvesting structures such as low cost farm ponds, nalla bunds, Check dams, Percolation tanks and groundwater recharge measures to conserve and allow percolation of water.
• Desilting of village tanks for drinking/Irrigation/Fisheries development
• Afforestation including block plantations, Agro-forestry and Horticulture development, Pasture development.
• Land development including in-situ soil and moisture conservation measures like contour and graded bunds, nursery raising for fodder, timber, fuel wood, horticulture and non-timber forest product species
• Drainage line treatment with a combination of vegetative and engineering structures
• Crop demonstrations for popularizing new crops/varieties
• Repair, restoration and up-gradation of existing common property assets and structures in the watershed to obtain optimum and sustained benefits from previous public investments.
• Promotion and propagation of non-conventional energy saving devices, energy conservation measures, Bio-fuel plantations.
Benefits :-
1. Developing degraded lands
2. Overall socio-economic development of poor/disadvantage sections
3. Mitigating Drought conditions
4. Employment generation and poverty alleviation.
Achievements so far :-
Under DPAP/DDP programme so far 1814 (Up to IVth Batch) watersheds were implemented with an amount of Rs. 355.56 Crores and treated about an area of 9.07 Lakh hectares. Presently 3482 ongoing watersheds are under implementation and about 17.41 Lakh hectares of area being treated.
Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP) :-
Integrated Waste land Development Programme is being implemented in 7 districts of Telangana. The scheme is under implementation in non-DPAP blocks of DPAP districts and in all non-DPAP districts. The objective of the programme is to enable for checking of land degradation, sustainable and increased productivity of land based on Watershed concept with people participation.
• Total no of projects-------------101 ( 1499 watersheds )
• Ongoing projects-----------------83 ( 1078 watersheds )
• Completed projects---------------18 ( 421 watersheds )
• Total no of blocks---------------155
• Total no of districts------------7
• Area covered (Ha)----------------7.48 lack Hectares
During the year 2010 -11 upto July-2010, out of the available funds of Rs. 4786.71 Lakhs, an amount of Rs.1549.16 Lakhs has been incurred as expenditure.
Objectives of the programme :-
• Checking of land degradation
• Sustainable and increased productivity of land
• Beneficiary and people participation in implementation of the program
Achievements :-
• Out of 1499 watersheds, 421 watersheds are completed and 1078 watersheds covering 83 projects are as ongoing watersheds.
• The total area for treatment under IWDP is 5.39 Lakhs hectares in 1078 ongoing watersheds in 7 Districts.
• During the year 2010 -11 upto July-2010, out of the available funds of Rs. 4786.71 Lakhs, an amount of Rs.1549.16 Lakhs has been incurred as expenditure.
The main objectives of the IWMP are to restore the ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural resources such as soil, vegetative cover and water. The outcomes are prevention of soil run-off, regeneration of natural vegetation, rain water harvesting and recharging of the ground water table.
Bhuvan IWMP-SRISHTI: Monitoring and Evaluation
A Web based GIS application (Geoportal) enabling the monitoring and evaluation of IWMP watersheds, using satellite remote sensing and sample field data using mobile smart phone applications has been realised. This Geoportal facilitates M&E of all IWMP watersheds for 10 states and 50 special watersheds in 16 states.
Salient Features
The geoportal enables image and map display, monitoring tools, summary statistics of all the IWMP watersheds. The application enables National, State, District and watershed level access for information and report generation.
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