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Mining as Growth Enginee In Bangaru Telangana
Highlights
Mining Sector is identified as one of the growth engines and certain minerals have been identified as focus minerals viz., Limestone, Coal, Iron Ore, Diamond, Dolomite, Uranium, Garnet, Granite for establishment of Cement, Thermal Plants, Granite Cutting and Faceting, Steel and Sponge Iron as focus industry for overall growth and development of the Mining Sector in the State.
Mining Sector is identified as one of the growth engines and certain minerals have been identified as focus minerals viz., Limestone, Coal, Iron Ore, Diamond, Dolomite, Uranium, Garnet, Granite for establishment of Cement, Thermal Plants, Granite Cutting and Faceting, Steel and Sponge Iron as focus industry for overall growth and development of the Mining Sector in the State.
Both Public and Private Sectors established large and medium scale mineral based industries for manufacture of Cement, Steel, Sponge Iron, Ferro-alloys, Glass, Ceramics, Refractory’s, Chemicals, Granite, Marble and Limestone cutting and polishing units, Slate cutting units, Gem Cutting and faceting units, Granite monuments manufacturing units, Pulverizing units, stone crushers, Mosaic and Ceramic tile units, Lime Kilns and Manufactured sand units in Telangana State.
The Mineral consumption is increasing due to promotion of various industries and manufacture of Mineral based products. State produces about 33 million tonnes of industrial minerals, 50 to 55 million tonnes of coal and 54 million cubic meters of dimensional stones and building material. The Department also carried out preliminary survey studies and identified exclusive mining zones in Rangareddy, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda and Medak districts for declaration as mining zones for sustainable development of Mining.
There are 3 Reconnaissance Permits for Gold, Diamonds, Base metals, 18 prospecting License and 521 Min¬ing Lease for Major Minerals (Industrial Minerals), 1186 Quarry leases for cut and dressed blocks of Granites and 1429 Quarry leases for other Minor Minerals (Construction Minerals) have been issued with an extent of 535805 hectares, 5633 hectares, 79478 hectares, 2764 hectares and 3611 hectares respectively.
Mining for Coal, Limestone falls under large scale mechanized sector, while Granite, Dolomite, Quartz, Feldspar, Clays and Barytes etc., fall under semi mechanized medium sector and the other minerals fall under semi mechanized small sector. Nearly 90% of the mines fall under small sector and remaining under medi¬um and large sectors.
The Mineral consumption has been increasing due to the promotion of various industries and manufacture of Mineral based products. The State produces about 33 million tonnes of industrial minerals and 50 to 55 million tonnes of coal and 54 million cubic meters of dimensional stones and building material.
Exclusive mining zones in Rangareddy, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Medak districts have been identified for declaration as mining zones for sustainable development. The detailed information regarding Mineral geographical distribution and utilization is given below.
Regional Geology
Geologically the State, Telangana is endowed with various rock types belonging to Archean to Quaternary age. Major part of coal-bearing Pranhita-Godavari Gondwana sedimentary sequence is distributed in this state and the rest is occupied by igneous-metamorphic hard rock terrain.
Geographical Map showing Mineral occurrences in Telangana
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Metallic minerals
Chromite
In the Khammam district the mineral occurs mostly as float ore. Though at places it is noticed in situ in the form of lenticular pockets in ultrabasic rocks like pyroxenite, serpentinite etc. In localities near Bhimavaram (16o 56′ 80o 31′), Gauraram (16o 47′ 78o 36′), Jannavaram (17o 20′ 80o 24′), and Imamnagar (17o 22′’ 80o 28′) and Enkuru (17°18' 80°26'), a total of 2,500 tonnes of float and few hundred tonnes of in situ ore are estimated for these occurrences. This area deserves further exploration not only for chromite but for minerals of platinoid group.
Copper
Copper mineralisation is observed in the Mailaram area (17o 43′ 80o 37′) of Khammam district in Dharwar quartz-chlorite schist’s, intruded by grey and blue quartz veins with Cu% between 1.5-1.7. Chalcopyrite occurs as disseminations and stringers associated with pyrite and pyrrhotite. As per GSI the zone of copper mineralisation extends for a strike length of 800 m with a reserve of 0.814 metric tonnes.
At Venkatapuram (17o 46′ 80o 45′), chalcopyrite associated with pyrite and pyrrhotite is observed in minor veins of quartz traversing the Pakhal quartzites and dolomites and in the quartz-chlorite schists of the Dharwars holding a mineralised zone ranging in thickness from 1.5 to 5.30 m. for a strike length of 200 m.
The Cu content ranges from 0.64 to 1.58 per cent. Indications of sparse Cu mineralisation are also noticed near Banjar (17o 48′ 80o 39′), Mainkawaram (17o 29′ 80o 20′), Rabingudem (17o 30′ 80o 23′), Sarkal (17o 43′ 80o 42′) and Yellambailu (17o 41′ 80o 40′). In current scenario of copper metal prices, this area deserves further exploration with advanced technology.
Gold: Alluvial gold is said to have been worked from near the confluence of Kinnerasani river with the Godavari in the Khammam district and also near Mangampet (18o 15′ 80o 30′) in the Warangal district. Of late, exploration activity by GSI is being carried out to test the gold potential in Atkur Block, Gadwal Schist Belt, Mahbubnagar district (GSI, 2011).
Iron-ore
Isolated patches of banded magnetite quartzites occur near Chityal (19o 04′ 78o 48′), Kallada (19o 08′ 78o 53′), Dasturabad (19o 05′ 78o 52′) and Robanpalli (18o 57′ 79o 01′), Lakshettipet (18o 53′ 79o 12′) and Utnoor (19o 22′ 78o 46′) in the Adilabad district mostly as NW-SE trending BIF bands.
About 16 million tonnes of low grade ore are estimated here. In the Khammam district iron-ore deposits exist between Cheruvupuram, Bayyaram and Navapadu (17o 21′ 80o 10′) and Kothagudem (17o 53′ 80o 04′).
These are broadly classified into iron-ore associated with Pakhals and iron-ore associated with banded-hematite quartzite of Dharwar age. The deposits of first group are richer and larger. The total reserve in this area on the basis of a preliminary investigation has been estimated at 11 million tonnes.
The hill 1905 about 5 km. north of Bayyaram (17o 35′ 80o 06′), contains two bands of high grade iron-ore one of the bands having an average thickness of 6 m. is estimated to contain 1,06,000 tonnes of high grade ore and 6,00,000 tonnes of low grade ore.
The other band with an average thickness of about 15 m. is estimated to contain 72, 60,000 tonnes of all grades of ore. Along the northern flank of the hill, reserve of 6,25,000 tonnes of high grade ore and 3,12,000 tonnes of low grade float ore is estimated. Detrital iron-ore occurs near Ramagundal (17o 39′ 80o 08′), Hematite-quartzite suitable as ironore is present in the Motala-Timmapur area (17o 41′ 80o 07′).
Manganese
In the Adilabad district manganese ore with very low phosphorous content occurs as thin lenses admixed with chert and jasper within Penganga limestones at Gowlighat, Goatkur, Jamdapur and Chanda (19o 46′ 78o 29′) for a strike length of 7.8 km. A reserve of 1,17000 tons with average grade of 39.6% of Mn. Low grade manganese-ore occurs as encrustations near Ratampet and Kandali in the Nizamabad district.
Molybdenite
Molybdenite occurs at 0.6 km. N.150 W. of Maisamoalle (18o 08′’ 79o 08′), at 0.6 km. S750 W of Kochamapalle (18o 07′’ 79o 08′) at 1.6 km. S500E of Kundannapalle (18o 02′ 79o 10′) and in the south of Chegurumandi (18o 14′ 79o 11′) in the Karimnagar district, as specks, disseminations and stringers hosted in narrow pegmatites, in blue coloured quartz veins traversing porphyrite granite and at places in granite itself.
The width of the veins varies from 15 cm. to 40 cm. and the length from 5 m. to 20 m with grade ranging from 0.01% to 0.2%. Minor occurrences of molybdenum as disseminations in pegmatites or granites are also seen in these districts.
Non-metallic Minerals
Asbestos
Cross-fibre chrysotile asbestos varying in length from a few mm. to 40 mm. occurs in the serpentinised Vempalle dolomites at Somsil (18o 02′ 78o 19′). The cumulative fibre length exceeds 50 mm. A zone of serpentinization with intermittently developed asbestos fibres has been identified for a length of 800 meters.
Amethyst
To the south of Karimnagar, at Sandral, crystalline amethyst forms several layers alternating with white quartz in drusy cavities of fissure veins which trend between WNW-ESE and NW-SE. Amethyst and amethestene quartz veins occur also at Ramanapalli near Siddipet, Medak district, and at Abdul Nagaram, Mekalgattu and Peddapadu in Warangal district.
Barytes
In the Khammam district occurrences of barytes are confined to a narrow belt of the Pakhals about 6.5 km east of Khammam town. The important occurrences are at Rudramkota (17o 14′ 80o 12′), Venkatayapalem (17o 15′ 80o
14′), Gopalpur (17o 15′ 80o 12′), Ballapet (17o 16′ 80o 12′), Kodamur (17o 11′ 80o 13′) and Cheruvupuram (17o 31′ 80o
10′), Barytes occurs as lenses, stringers and veins varying in width from a few centimetres to six metres. Barytes is reported from near Bollaram (16o 04′ 78o 26′), and 1.6 km. NE of Virabhadradurgam in the Mahbubnagar district. Veins ranging in thickness from 1 m. to 3.2 meters are noticed in sheared zones in the Vempalle dolomite and quartzites.
Building stones
A variety of rocks like granite, dolerite, amphibolite, sandstone, marble which can be used as ornamental building stones are available in Warangal, Khammam, Karimnagar, Rangareddy districts.
There are numerous polishing units are in operation especially in Khammam, Rangareddy and Waranagal districts. Bands of white marble are found near Jestalpane (17o 24′ 81o 16′), Bethumpudi (17o 34’ 80o 27’), Chimalpahad (17o 28’ 86o 24’), Kotturu (17o 41′ 80o 28′), Mallamallupadu (17o 19′ 80o 14′), Manditog (17o 38′ 80o 20′), Pubali (17o 37′ 80o 22′) and adjoining places, Kommuguda (17o 35′ 80o 16′) and Mallaipalle areas of Khammam district. There are about 105 quarries around Hyderabad city itself, which are actively operated for production of road metal. Mines & Geology department has identified 11 special mining zones exclusively for eco-friendly dimensional stone mining (Phani & Balamurugan, 2014).
Clays
White clay suitable for making low grade potteries occur within the Kampthis and upper Gondwana sediments at Panchagoan and Ralapet (19o 19′ 79o 29′) and Katterala (19o 20′ 79o 13′) villages of Adilabad district.
A reserve of 5 metric tons of clay is estimated here. Sizeable deposits of clay suitable for the manufacture of porcelain-ware occur near Hyderabad city, about 3.2 km. west of Golconda fort and south of the Kutubshahi tombs. White residual clay is reported from Shekapur village (17o 37′ 77o 37′) of Medak district. Small pockets of white clay are also present at Gambirpet in the same district. In the Nalgonda district occurrences of clays are reported from Chintriyal (16o 38′ 79o 24′). Highly refractory clay occurrences are reported from Konasamudram (18o 44′ 78o 31′) area in the Nizamabad district.
Coal
The Pranhita- Godavari valley is known for its coal reserves for more than a century. Coal bearing Gondwana rocks occupy parts of the Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Nizambad and Warangal districts. The coal bearing Barakar occurs at numerous localities, but is always overlain by the younger Kamthi sandstones and shales. The Gondwanas, mainly the younger Kamthis occupy an area exceeding 11,000 Sq.Km. in the state, but the exposures of the Barakar are few and far berween.
The coalfields of the State have been divided into separate units and they are North Wardha, Asifabad, Tandur, Kanala, North Godavari and Sarangapalli, Chinnur, South Godavari, Kamawaram, Allapalli, Singareni, Kothagudem, Polancha and Sivapuram and being mined by Singareni Colleries Company Ltd.,(SCCL). The SCCL has made the estimates of the reserves of coal in their lease-hold areas (Table 1, Richard, 2011).The proposed open-cast and underground extractable reserves are 223.4 and 149.1 respectively (SCCL, 2008).
Handlooms and Textiles
The State Government has been giving considerable importance to the Handloom and Textile Industry. The Government of India also sponsors a number of developmental and welfare schemes in the industry.
Primary Societies
There are about 200 primary handloom weavers’ cooperative societies in the State, with 41,491 weavers as members in the State. In 2012-13, the total sale of these societies was Rs. 5,923 lakhs.
Programmatically, the schemes and programmes of the department are focused on: streamlining organization structure of cooperatives, marketing support, working capital facilitation, modernization of looms, trainings, weavers’ welfare, incentives like power subsidy etc.
Apparel Parks and Textile Parks
The Government has set up the following Parks in Telangana State.
• Apparel Export Park, Gundlapochampally, Rangareddy district
• Textile Park, Siricilla, Karimnagar District
• Textile Park, Pashamylaram, Medak District.
• Textile Park, Malkapur, Nalgonda District A mega textile park is proposed in the outskirts of Warangal city on the lines of Surat and Coimbatore.
G.Rajendra Kumar
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