International Dance Day 2024: History, Significance, and Types of Classical Dance Forms

History of International Dance Day

International Dance Day, established in 1982 by the Dance Committee of the International Theatre Institute (ITI) in collaboration with UNESCO, is celebrated annually on April 29. This date coincides with the birthday of renowned French dance artist Jean-Georges Noverre (1727), acknowledged as a pioneer of modern ballet.

Since its inception, International Dance Day has featured an annual message from distinguished choreographers or dancers, selected by the International Dance Committee and the Executive Council of ITI. These messages are translated into multiple languages, serving as global inspirations for the celebration of dance as a universal language.

Significance of International Dance Day

International Dance Day serves as a celebration of dance as a universal art form that transcends political, cultural, and ethnic boundaries. It aims to foster unity and understanding among people through the shared language of dance. Moreover, it provides a platform for dance communities worldwide to promote their work, raising awareness about the significance and value of dance in all its forms. This, in turn, encourages support and recognition for the art of dance on a global scale.

Types of Classical Dance Forms

1. Bharatanatyam

Originating from Tamil Nadu, Bharatanatyam is among the oldest and most widely practiced classical dance forms. It is characterized by precise footwork, graceful movements, and expressive storytelling. Performers adorn their hands and feet with red Kumkum (alta) powder during performances to accentuate intricate gestures.

2. Kathak

Kathak, rooted in Northern India, particularly Uttar Pradesh, is renowned for its vibrant footwork, intricate rhythms, and rapid spins. Kathak dancers often present narrative pieces ('kathas') depicting stories from mythology, history, and daily life.

3. Odissi

Originating in the temples of Odisha, Odissi is a major classical dance form. Performances often portray stories, spiritual messages, or devotional poems from Hindu texts using symbolic costumes, intricate body movements, and expressive gestures.

4. Kuchipudi

Originating from Andhra Pradesh, Kuchipudi is a classical dance form integrating dance, drama, and music. Known for its quick footwork, graceful movements, and dramatic storytelling, it draws inspiration from ancient Sanskrit texts like Natya Shastra, featuring solo performances by male and female dancers.

5. Manipuri

Also known as Manipuri Raas Leela, this classical dance form is characterized by grace, fluid movements, and devotion to Lord Krishna. Originating from Hindu scriptures of Vaishnavism, Manipuri dancers enchant audiences with gentle swaying motions, delicate footwork, and intricate hand gestures.

6. Mohiniyattam

Originating from Kerala, Mohiniyattam, meaning "the dance of Mohini," embodies Lord Vishnu's female enchantress avatar. Known for its soft footwork, hand gestures, and expressive facial expressions, it is a captivating classical dance form.

7. Kathakali

A unique Indian dance-drama from Kerala, Kathakali is distinguished by bold makeup and elaborate costumes, translating to "story-play." Its performances are marked by intricate movements and elaborate storytelling.

8. Sattriya

Originating in Assam's Vaishnava monasteries in the 16th century, Sattriya is characterized by devotion to Krishna and is seen as a modern theater art. Group dances, often preceded by musical interludes, are common features of Sattriya performances.

9. Chhau

A semi-classical Indian folk dance, Chhau combines martial arts and storytelling. Initially taught exclusively to male dancers, it now includes women performers in all-women troupes. Three regional variations exist: Purulia Chhau (West Bengal), Seraikella Chhau (Jharkhand), and Mayurbhanj Chhau (Odisha). Each variation is associated with specific festivals and cultural traditions.