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Grandparents' class influences grandkids
Highlights
Grandparents' Class Influences Grandkids
Washington: A new study suggests that the position of grandparents in the British class system has a direct effect on which class their grandchildren belong to.
It has long been accepted that parents' social standing has a strong influence on children's education, job prospects, and earning power.
It has long been accepted that parents' social standing has a strong influence on children's education, job prospects, and earning power.
However, this study by researchers from the University of Oxford and Durham University shows that even when the influence of parents has been taken into account, the odds of grandchildren going into professional or managerial occupations rather than unskilled manual occupations are at least two and a half times better if their grandparents were themselves in professional-managerial positions rather than unskilled manual occupations.
This latest research finds that the social advantages and disadvantages that are transmitted across generations are a lot more durable and persistent than previously thought.
It establishes a statistically significant association between grandparents' and grandchildren's class positions, even after the parents' education, income, and wealth (such as whether they are home-owners) are taken into account.
The researchers analyzed data collected in three nationally representative surveys of over 17,000 Britons born in 1946, 1958, and 1970 respectively.
For the studies, cohort members were asked to reveal their occupation as well as the occupation of their father and grandfather.
The researchers found that among men with both parents and grandparents in the professional-managerial class, 80 percent stayed in those advantaged positions.
But among men with long-range upwardly mobile parents (i.e., grandparents in unskilled manual occupations and parents in professional-managerial occupations), only 61 percent managed to stay there.
For women, this "grandparents effect" was less strong at 66 percent and 51 percent respectively.
Where grandparents were from a high social class and the parents experienced downward social mobility, the "grandparents effect" appeared stronger, pushing the grandchild back up the social ladder.
The study says in such cases there was "a higher level of counter mobility" as though grandparents' class background is correcting the "mobility mistake" made by the parents.
It establishes a statistically significant association between grandparents' and grandchildren's class positions, even after the parents' education, income, and wealth (such as whether they are home-owners) are taken into account.
The researchers analyzed data collected in three nationally representative surveys of over 17,000 Britons born in 1946, 1958, and 1970 respectively.
For the studies, cohort members were asked to reveal their occupation as well as the occupation of their father and grandfather.
The researchers found that among men with both parents and grandparents in the professional-managerial class, 80 percent stayed in those advantaged positions.
But among men with long-range upwardly mobile parents (i.e., grandparents in unskilled manual occupations and parents in professional-managerial occupations), only 61 percent managed to stay there.
For women, this "grandparents effect" was less strong at 66 percent and 51 percent respectively.
Where grandparents were from a high social class and the parents experienced downward social mobility, the "grandparents effect" appeared stronger, pushing the grandchild back up the social ladder.
The study says in such cases there was "a higher level of counter mobility" as though grandparents' class background is correcting the "mobility mistake" made by the parents.
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