Early Detection of Stomach Cancer

Dr Chandrashekhar Prasad Singh

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is one among the deadly diseases that affects millions of people across the globe. Even though stomach cancer cases have decreased recently, the disease still poses a serious threat to global health. Early detection is crucial in improving the projection for those with stomach cancer. This article examines frequent symptoms, screening options, the value of early detection, and diagnostic techniques that are essential in the fight against stomach cancer.

The significance of early detection

The key to winning the battle against cancer frequently lies in early detection. Early detection of stomach cancer greatly increases the likelihood of a successful course of therapy and long-term survival. Unfortunately, the chances of survival are poor and treatment options are limited when stomach cancer is discovered at an advanced stage. This emphasizes how crucial it is to have routine screenings and to be more aware of any possible symptoms.

Screening for stomach cancer

One proactive approach to identify stomach cancer before symptoms develop is to undergo regular screenings. Although screening programs are conducted distinctly in different regions, those who are more likely to develop stomach cancer should get screened on a regular basis. A family history of stomach cancer, specific genetic predispositions, and Helicobacter pylori infection - a proven risk factor, are among the high-risk factors.

Common screening methods for stomach cancer include:

• Gastroscopy (Upper Endoscopy) is the gold standard for stomach cancer screening. A small, flexible tube with a camera at the end is inserted down the throat during a gastroscopy to look for any abnormalities in the stomach lining.
• CT, MRI, and X-rays can all reveal essential information about the location and size of stomach tumors.

Individuals who are at higher risk of developing this type of cancer, should consult a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate screening technique basis the condition.

Common symptoms of stomach cancer

Stomach cancer symptoms can be similar to other diseases and might be overlooked in the early stages, hence it is essential to undergo regular screening to avoid serious conditions. Some common symptoms include Persistent heartburn or indigestion, Continuous ache or discomfort in the abdomen (especially in the upper abdomen), Unexpected/Unexplained weight loss, Vomiting and nausea, Trouble swallowing, Sensation of fullness even after having a light meal, Weakness or exhaustion.

Most of these symptoms can be mistaken to various other health conditions, making is challenging to detect at an early stage. Therefore, it is essential for individuals who experience continuous or worsening symptoms to consult a healthcare professional promptly.

Tools used in diagnosis

When stomach cancer is suspected, various diagnostic techniques are used to confirm the presence and extent of these cancer cells. These diagnostic methods include:

Biopsy: A tissue sample (biopsy) is collected from any suspicious stomach areas during an endoscopy. After that, a microscope examination of this sample is performed to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Imaging studies: CT, MRI, and PET scans can be used to assess the cancer's extent and to evaluate how it's linked with surrounding structures.

Staging: In order to identify the cancer's spread, staging is crucial. To categorize the cancer stage, the TNM approach (tumor, nodes, metastasis) is frequently used.

One of the most successful ways in the fight against stomach cancer is early detection. Frequent screenings for high-risk individuals can result in early diagnosis and better treatment outcomes. These screenings should be accompanied with awareness of common symptoms and prompt consultation with healthcare specialists. Remember, an effective treatment for stomach cancer depends entirely on early detection.

(The author is a consultant - Medical oncology, HCG Cancer Centre, Ranchi)