Why Israel matters to India

When Narendra Modi travels to Israel sometime later this year, he will be the first Indian Prime Minister to visit it, formalising a relationship often conducted behind closed doors, through clandestine meetings and secret agreements. The announcement is already generating heat, with some criticising it and others urging caution – with one commentator suggesting a counter-balancing visit to Israeli arch-enemy Iran – and some seeing it as an inevitable corollary to the convergence of the ideologies of Hindutva and Likud, a political movement (rooted in the free market and Jewish culture) that coalesced into a political party.

While India recognised Israel on September 17, 1950 – a year after it voted against UN membership for the Jewish state – full diplomatic ties were established only in 1992, the reticence flowing from India’s traditional backing for the Palestinian cause. Since then, in the public eye, relationships have been defined by defence deals and the 38,000 mostly young Israelis who visit India each year to de-stress after their compulsory two-three years of military service.

The traffic isn’t all one-way though, more than 40,000 Indians visited Israel in 2013, the largest number of tourists from an Asian country. Business and technological ties are also growing, and India and Israel recently agreed to set up a $40 million India-Israel cooperation fund to promote joint scientific and technological collaborations.

Here are five things that define the India-Israel relationship today:

1. Defence. There is no getting away from the defence relationship. Israel is India’s fifth-largest source of arms, with imports worth $0.21 billion in 2013-14 and $10 billion over the past decade. The earliest signs of collaboration came during the 1962 Sino-Indian war, when Israel gave India military aid. Israel also aided India during the two wars with Pakistan in 1965 and 1971, according to this article in the Stanford Journal of International Relations.

India reciprocated during the Six-Day War in 1967 by providing Israel with spare parts for Mystere and Ouragan aircraft, as well as AX-13 tanks, the Stanford report said. India’s imports of unarmed vehicles have almost all been from Israel. Other major deals include the jointly-developed Barak-8 anti-ship-missile that the Indian Navy will be testing soon, and the Spyder missile system, which the Indian Air Force is procuring to counter aerial threats at low altitude. India and Israel also closely cooperate on anti-terror activities.

2. Diplomacy. Several ministerial and high-level official visits to Israel precede Modi’s forthcoming tour. These include visits by then Home Minister L K Advani in 2000 and Home Minister Rajnath Singh in November 2014. Both countries have signed several bilateral agreements since 1992, which include cooperation in agriculture, research and development, economy and industry and security.

3. Agriculture. This has been an important facet in the Indo-Israel relationship. India has benefited from Israel’s expertise in the sector, evident from the number of bilateral agreements signed between the two nations. India has benefited from Israeli technologies in horticulture mechanisation, protected cultivation, orchard and canopy management, nursery management, micro-irrigation and post-harvest management, particularly in Haryana and Maharashtra.

4. Water Management. Technologically adept Israel has developed water-management technologies, located as it is in a semi-arid region with limited sources of fresh drinking water. Israel’s expertise includes recycling waste water and desalination.

5.Trade. India’s total trade with Israel is $6.06 billion in 2013-14, up 57 percent over 2009-10.

India’s major imports from Israel in 2013-14 included natural or cultured pearls and precious stones worth $1.20 billion. Since 2010, the two countries have been negotiating a free-trade agreement for goods and services, which should boost investments and trade ties. Israel ranks 44th in terms of foreign direct investment in India, putting in $82 million between April 2000 and February 2015.

By Chaitanya Mallapur