The History Of Lipstick: From Ancient Civilisations To Modern Times

With complex historical significance tracing back thousands of years, lipstick has stood the test of time. Its consistent use over decades also reflects the ever-evolving perceptions of society concerning femininity and social status. While most of us know of the multi-purpose product as it exists today, let’s explore the glorious history of the versatile lipstick dating back to 3500 BCE.

● Mesopotamian and Roman Civilisations

The first recorded use of lipstick dates back to the Mesopotamian civilisation. The Sumerians, Babylonians, and Egyptians are said to have applied lip colour prepared with natural dyes derived from crushed gemstones, insects, and berries. Cleopatra was known to be fascinated with cosmetics, which was considered an apparent marker of beauty and high social ranking. Lip colours retained their prominence and popularity well into the Roman civilisation, where a blend of red dye and wax was used to prepare lip colours that signified luxury and indulgence.

● The Middle Ages

It wasn’t until the Middle Ages that lipstick became associated with vanity and witchcraft, leading to its decline. Largely reserved for actors and prostitutes, the church condemned its use. In the 16th century, the humble lipstick made a comeback when spotted on Queen Elizabeth I. Sporting pale white skin and stark red lips – made with a combination of beeswax and crushed plants – there was a resurgence of interest in the cosmetic.

● The Prohibition Of Lipstick

As lipstick became ‘unacceptable’ – something that altered a woman’s appearance – women tried to achieve it through clandestine means. Women began resorting to lip biting, rubbing red ribbons on their lips, and trading lipstick recipes with other women in lip rouge societies. 1770 England imposed harsh penalties and restrictions on lipstick, with a law stating that "women found guilty of seducing men into matrimony by a cosmetic means could be tried for witchcraft." In 1940, Adolf Hitler too instructed women visiting Germany to refrain from wearing lipstick – simply because he disliked the shade.

● The Industrial Revolution

With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, lipsticks were being prepared with different ingredients, including castor oil and wax. However, they were still considered inappropriate for “respectable women”. The early 1900s saw a significant shift in public attitude towards makeup, including this coveted cosmetic. Actresses played a vital role in making lipsticks more acceptable. In the 1920s, actresses Clara Bow and Greta Garbo popularised the “Cupid's Bow” lip shape – the double-curve of the upper lip – and lipsticks became an essential part of a woman’s makeup arsenal.

● The 20th & 21st Century

All through the 20th century, lipsticks evolved in terms of formula and packaging. From long-lasting matte variants to glossy and moisturising lipsticks, brands like Max Factor, Revlon, and Estée Lauder revolutionised the beauty industry with novel textures and shades. In the 21st century, the cosmetics industry is brimming with lipsticks of different types and formulations. With a keen focus on sustainability and inclusivity, the wide range of lipsticks aims to cater to all segments of the population while caring for people’s varied preferences and the planet.

● The Composition Of Lipsticks: Back In The Day

While today’s lipsticks boast moisturising, skin-loving ingredients, that wasn’t always the case. In early Egypt, two toxic metals, namely bromine mannite and iodide, were used in the preparation of lipstick. These lipsticks, which lent a flattering purple hue when applied, were popularly referred to as the “Kiss of Death”. If ingested, they would lead to illness and, in more serious cases, even death. Fish scales were also a common component of lipsticks – popularised by Cleopatra. It was only in the 16th century that lipsticks began being formulated with safe ingredients, including beeswax and dyes, that didn’t have any detrimental effects on health.

Now, the focus shifted to making lipsticks more long-lasting and portable. French chemist Paul Baudercroux attempted to create a lipstick called “Rouge Baiser” during the 1920s that was touted as “kiss-proof”. However, the formulation was banned because it was too difficult to remove once applied. Afterward, numerous endeavors were undertaken to develop a lipstick resistant to smudging, yet it wasn't until the 1950s that Hazel Bishop successfully formulated the inaugural long-lasting, smear-resistant lipstick.

● The Evolution Of Lipstick Shades Through The Years

Once long-lasting, smear-proof lipsticks hit the beauty market, there was no going back. The industry suddenly saw an increase in demand for a variety of shades, as most lipsticks were either red or purple. The ’50s brought with it multiple shades such as pink, white, and even black. However, red continued to rule, as most actresses, including Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor, were often seen sporting a bold red lip. Despite the slew of shades, women preferred darker shades to lighter ones, as it helped accentuate their lips and bring forward their best features. As the years went by, cosmetic companies began introducing formulas that delivered a hint of flavour and scent.

Conclusion

As time passed, lipsticks became a symbol of self-expression and power. Today’s beauty consumer is looking for a lipstick that not only appears flattering when applied but is also comfortable, lightweight, waterproof, transfer-resistant, smudge-proof, and smear-proof, and available in a plethora of shades.

Buy Lipstick Online Today, lipsticks are available in myriad formulas and textures. Satin lipsticks add a hint of tint to your pucker while lending ample moisturisation, matte lipsticks promise high colour payoff and extended staying power, and creamy lipsticks deliver on the promise of optimal coverage and hydration. From the runway to the red carpet, ’90s frosted lips have also made a major comeback in the 21st century. Besides the conventional types of lipsticks, you’ll find several lip crayons, lip liners, lip plumpers, lip stains, and lip tints that help enhance one of your best features. In fact, lipsticks can double up as eyeshadows, blush, and even highlighter! However, you must discard a formulation if it has passed its expiration date, as it can cause adverse reactions on the skin.